Priapism is when there’s an erection, but there’s zero sexual arousal,” Garrison says. “Usually the erections last 4 or more hours and can become painful.” Rowen TS; Gaither TW; Awad MA; Osterberg E; Shindel AW; Breyer BN (October 2016). "Pubic Hair Grooming Prevalence and Motivation Among Women in the United States" (PDF). JAMA Dermatology. 152 (10): 1106–1113. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2154. ISSN 2168-6068. PMID 27367465. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2020 . Retrieved 2 September 2019. Chung, Kyung Won (2005). Gross anatomy (5thed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-7817-5309-8. Freitag, Barbara (2004). Sheela-na-gigs: Unravelling an Enigma. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415345521. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020 . Retrieved 24 February 2018. In 2021, a study in the UK showed that few are able to label the structure of the vulva correctly. [146] [147] [148]

Viral infections include human papillomavirus infection (HPV) – this is the most common STI and has many types. [86] Genital HPV can cause genital warts. There have been links made between HPV and vulvar cancer, though HPV most often causes cervical cancer. [87] Genital herpes is mostly asymptomatic but can present with small blisters that break open into ulcers. [88] HIV/AIDS is mostly transmitted through sexual activity, and the vulva in some cases can be affected by sores. [89] Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Wit over zwart · dbnl". DBNL (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 21 May 2019 . Retrieved 28 March 2018.Rimoin, Lauren P.; Kwatra, Shawn G.; Yosipovitch, Gil (2013). "Female-specific pruritus from childhood to postmenopause: clinical features, hormonal factors, and treatment considerations". Dermatologic Therapy. 26 (2): 157–167. doi: 10.1111/dth.12034. ISSN 1396-0296. PMID 23551372. S2CID 3500357. Morgan, Eleanor (16 October 2021). "Viva la vulva: why we need to talk about women's genitalia". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021 . Retrieved 23 October 2021.

Women's problems in early 1800s". Bronwen Evans. 15 April 2016. Archived from the original on 21 May 2018 . Retrieved 30 March 2018. Akumu, Patience (16 June 2010). "Labia elongation: Invaluable culture or dangerous practice?". The Observer – Uganda. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018 . Retrieved 24 April 2018.

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The first surgery appointment was liberating. I was taking steps to change and it felt fantastic. That said, just allowing a male to inspect my vulva – even in a professional capacity – was terrifying. He stretched my inner labia out like a butterfly (Jesus, I could have taken flight with those wings) and it was confirmed: 'Yes, your labia minora are larger than average.' The clitoris and the labia minora are both erogenous areas in the vulva. Local stimulation can involve the clitoris, vagina and other perineal regions. The clitoris is the human female's most sensitive erogenous zone and generally the primary anatomical source of human female sexual pleasure. [58] Sexual stimulation of the clitoris (by a number of means) can result in widespread sexual arousal and, if maintained, can result in orgasm. Stimulation to orgasm is optimally achieved by a massaging sensation. [46]

Genitoplasties are plastic surgeries that can be carried out to repair, restore or alter vulvar tissues, [114] particularly following damage caused by injury or cancer treatment. These procedures include vaginoplasty which can also be performed as a cosmetic surgery. Other cosmetic surgeries to change the appearance of external structures include labiaplasties. [115] Some of these procedures, vaginoplasties and labiaplasties, are also carried out as sex reassignment surgeries. [116] [117]

2. Lead up to oral sex with foreplay.

Clinical Case - Perineum & External Genitalia". The University of Michigan. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009 . Retrieved 26 March 2018. Blüm, Volker (2012). Vertebrate Reproduction: A Textbook. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p.74. ISBN 978-3-64271-074-2 . Retrieved 19 November 2023. a b "NHS Direct Wales - Encyclopaedia: Labial fusion". NHS Direct Wales. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011 . Retrieved 26 March 2018.